sedrx

Historical Geology/ Sedimentary Rocks In order for you to receive credit, your answers and corrections must be uploaded by midnight, June 8. Please remember- first names only!**
 * Honors Earth Science Review Wiki

1. Review how each of these sedimentary rocks are formed and be able to identify them: conglomerate, coquina, coal, sandstone, limestone, shale. **Conglomerate** - looks like little pebbles glued together. Formed by worn rocks or pebbles bound by a substance containing silica or clay. **Coquina** - looks like shells glued together. It is formed from debris and coquinoid limestone. **Coal** - is a black or brown sedimentary rock. Formed by plant remains. **Sandstone** - is orange-ish brown, and looks like grains of sand. Formed from cemented grains. **Limestone** - grey and has what looks like ripples. Formed from calcite. **Shale** - splintery fracture, gray-ish color. Formed from compaction. -Amanda 2. Explain the differences between these 4 groups of sedimentary rocks: clastic, bioclastic, evaporite, precipitate. **Clastic** - rock made of little pieces. **Bioclastic** - rock formed from organic remains. **Evaporite** - rock resulting from salt water evaporation. **Precipitate** - rock formed from water. -Amanda 3. Describe fossilization processes such as lithification (replacement), hard parts, molds and casts, trace fossils, carbonization. 4. What are these special rocks? geodes, gastroliths, coprolites. **Geodes** - Rock cavities with crystal formations inside. **Gastroliths** - rocks which have been held in the digestive tract of a dinosaur. **Coprolites** - fossilized animal dung. -Amanda 5. How were the eras of the Geologic Time Scale divided? What are the names of the 4 eras, in order from the formation of the Earth? Divided by eon to era to period to epoch. Precambrian, Paleozoic, Mesozoic, Cenozoic. -Amanda 6. The Geologic Time Scale reflects 3 trends in the evolution of life on earth. Over time, how do life forms change? Lifeforms go from one and mulitcelled organisms, to underwater animals/organisms, to dinosaurs, to mammals and humans. -Amanda 7. How old is the Earth, according to absolute dating methods? 4.55 billion years old. -Amanda 8. What main themes are associated with each of these times: the PreCambrian? The Paleozoic? The Mesozoic? The Pleistocene? **Precambrian: Earth's first single- and multi-celled organisms. Paleozoic: age of invertebrates, fish, amphibians. Mesozoic: age of reptiles.** **Pleistocence: age of mammals. - rachel ** 9. What types of rocks can be assigned an absolute age? **Sedimentary and metamorphic. -rachel** 10. What is the special use for Carbon-14 in dating? 11. List a few rocks and a soil type that is impermeable. clay, shale, granite. -Amanda 12. What's an aquifer? What types of sediments and rocks make good aquifers? An aquifer is something that can help store water underground. Good aquifers are: sand, gravel, sandstone, limestone, and silt. -Amanda 13. How do wells affect the water table? What is the difference between an artesian well and a non-flowing well? Wells can lower the water table. An artesian well is a spring that flows without having to pump the water out. A non-flowing well is a well that needs to have water be pumped out of it. -Amanda

14. How do caves and karst features (such as sinkholes) form? In what type of rock are caves formed? Why?

16. What are these river features and how do they form: meanders, rapids, levees, floodplain, oxbow lakes, delta. (also post pictures of each!) ** Meander-Makenzie ** ** Rapids-Makenzie ** ** Levees-Makenzie ** **floodplain-Makenzie ** ** Oxbow Lakes-Makenzie **

** Delta-Makenzie **

Questions 17-22 use the diagram below

17. List the ages of all these faults: P, K, C, T. For each, say what rock they came before and after. 18. Reconstruct the correct sequence of ages from oldest to youngest using __all__ of these letters: A S O M X L B V E H F L D Z J happens between these strata: A and F, Z and B, M and X. **disconformity happens between Z and B- Makenzie** **noncomformity happens between A and F- Makenzie** **angular unconformity happens between M and X-Makenzie**  20. List the 4 letters that are igneous rocks: **A,M,E,S-Makenzie**  21. Which letter is schist:  **C-Makenzie**  22. What water speed is associated with Z? **Fast - Holly**  23. What are transgressions? What rock sequence would you expect to see in one <span style="font-size: 13pt; font-family: ComicSansMS; color: rgb(106, 57, 181);">(bottom to top)? <span style="font-size: 13pt; font-family: ComicSansMS-Bold; color: rgb(106, 57, 181);">**Transgressions are when an ocean covers land.** <span style="font-size: 13pt; font-family: ComicSansMS-Bold; color: rgb(106, 57, 181);">**Bottom to top goes: Sandstone, Shale, Limestone. -Holly** <span style="font-size: 13pt; font-family: ComicSansMS; color: rgb(106, 57, 181);"> <span style="font-size: 13pt; font-family: ComicSansMS; color: rgb(106, 57, 181);">24. What are regressions? What rock sequence would you expect to see in one <span style="font-size: 13pt; font-family: ComicSansMS; color: rgb(106, 57, 181);">(bottom to top)? <span style="font-size: 13pt; font-family: ComicSansMS-Bold; color: rgb(106, 57, 181);">**Regressions are when an ocean retreats from land.** <span style="font-size: 13pt; font-family: ComicSansMS-Bold; color: rgb(106, 57, 181);">**Bottom to top goes: Limestone, Shale, Sandstone. -Holly** <span style="font-size: 13pt; font-family: ComicSansMS; color: rgb(106, 57, 181);"> <span style="font-size: 13pt; font-family: ComicSansMS; color: rgb(106, 57, 181);">25. Find a picture of each of these common Michigan fossils and upload it: <span style="font-size: 13pt; font-family: ComicSansMS; color: rgb(106, 57, 181);">trilobite, brachiopod, Petoskey Stone (coral), crinoid, horn coral. ** Brachiopod-makenzie **
 * <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">P( After L, before D)-Makenzie **
 * [[image:http://tbn1.google.com/images?q=tbn:8lFFN8amo-TTJM:http://www.bath.ac.uk/bio-sci/biodiversity-lab/images/trilobite.jpg width="106" height="80" caption="See full size image" link="http://www.bath.ac.uk/bio-sci/biodiversity-lab/images/trilobite.jpg"]] Trilobite- Makenzie **

** Petoskey Stone- Makenzie **

** c rinoid-makenzie

Horn coral-Makenzie**